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Practical guides to accounting, tax and inventory
Clear answers to the questions small and medium companies in Egypt face every day, from the VAT return, withholding tax and e-invoicing to the stock count. Free, with no sign-up.
How to prepare the monthly VAT return in Egypt
A practical guide to the Egyptian VAT return: who must register, the 14% rate, output vs input tax, the monthly deadline, and a step-by-step checklist before you file on the ETA portal.
Read the guide →Withholding tax in Egypt: how to deduct, record and report it
How the Egyptian withholding tax system works for companies: who must deduct, the common 1%, 3% and 5% rates, how to calculate it, the quarterly Form 41, and the journal entries for the buyer and the supplier.
Read the guide →ETA e-invoicing in Egypt: requirements and how it works
A practical guide to the Egyptian Tax Authority e-invoicing system: who must join, what you need (portal registration, e-signature, item codes), how an invoice is submitted and validated, credit notes, cancellation, and common rejection causes.
Read the guide →Stock count procedure: how to run a physical inventory count
A step-by-step stock count procedure for shops, distributors and warehouses: planning, cut-off, blind counting, recounts, investigating variances and posting the adjustment.
Read the guide →Chart of accounts: structure, numbering and an example
What a chart of accounts is, the five main account groups, how to number accounts, and a sample chart for a small trading company in Egypt including VAT and withholding tax accounts.
Read the guide →How to calculate depreciation of fixed assets
How to calculate depreciation step by step: cost, useful life and salvage value, the straight-line and declining-balance methods with worked examples, the monthly journal entry, and what happens when an asset is sold.
Read the guide →How to close the financial year: a checklist
A practical year-end closing checklist for small and medium companies: reconcile cash and banks, count stock, post depreciation and accruals, review the trial balance, post the closing entry and lock the year.
Read the guide →How to do a bank reconciliation
How to reconcile your books with the bank statement: tick matching items, list outstanding cheques and deposits in transit, record bank charges, and a worked example of a bank reconciliation statement.
Read the guide →Accounting and inventory glossary
Plain definitions of common accounting, tax and inventory terms used by companies in Egypt, with the Arabic and English term side by side.
Read the guide →Trial balance: how to prepare it and find the errors
What a trial balance is, how to prepare one from the ledger, the difference between unadjusted and adjusted trial balances, and the errors a balancing trial balance still hides.
Read the guide →The three financial statements, explained
What the income statement, balance sheet and cash-flow statement each show, how they connect, and how an Egyptian small business owner can read them to answer "are we making money?"
Read the guide →Inventory valuation: FIFO and weighted average compared
How to value stock with FIFO, periodic and moving weighted average, a worked example of each, the lower of cost and net realisable value rule, and why LIFO is not allowed.
Read the guide →Cost centres: how to design and use them
What a cost centre is, how it differs from a profit centre and from the chart of accounts, how to choose cost centres for a branch, project or production line, and how to allocate shared costs.
Read the guide →Managing what customers owe you and what you owe suppliers
Credit terms, customer statements, ageing, collection routines, supplier statement reconciliation and payment scheduling for small and medium companies in Egypt.
Read the guide →Accounting controls every small business should have
Simple internal controls an owner of a small Egyptian company can put in place: separating duties, approvals, cash and bank checks, closed periods and reviewing the audit trail.
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